We’ve been questioned recently : So you utilize FOODS  for  FUEL’s Production ?

QUOTE:  “You grab the Food from the Childrens’ Mouths to produce Fuels ?

IMPORTANT: The information published on this site is indicative and exclusive intellectual property of Grainis Ltd., pursuant to a Know-How Agreement according to Art. 587 / par. 1-9 of the Commercial Code of the Republic of Bulgaria.

Grainis ltd. Hydrogen Bulgaria has been working in the recent years on technologies for cheap and hyper-intensive production of Vegetable Oils for Human's Consumption and Biofuels / BioDiesel, from Oilseeds / Nuts of various fast-growing hybrids such as Peanuts (Oil Content 58%), Jatropha Xuta. 48%) and Ricinus Communis (62%) - non-toxic fast-growing Bamboo and other Crossbreeds, as well as Sesame (62%), Sunflower (58%), Rapeseed, Soybean, Poppy, Flax, Hemp, etc., grown on Multi-storey Stationary or Roto-Elevator Shelves, in Hyper-Intensive conditions at

100% - Automated Vertical Multifloor Aquaponic Farm - aerofarms.com, with different Variants, shown in the photos and graphs below.

PEANUTS, grown on Floors/Shelves, in a Vertical Multi-storey Aeroponic Farm (V-Farm), offer several Harvests per year, and Giant Yields of oilseeds.

For example, the Bulgarian variety Lotos from Sadovo grows until harvest in only 115 days!

However, in the hyper-intensive conditions of a V-Farm, with a fixed warm climate, 24-hour LED Lighting in Cyan Spectrum and Intensive Concentrated Feeding, this period will be significantly shortened, probably less than 60 days, which implies over 6 harvests per year!

PEANUTS are a unique Ecological and Environment-Friendly Solution of a number of Energy, Ecological, Food and Social Problems.

The Oil Content of Peanut Nuts is extremely high - it reaches nearly 60%.

Apart from being a direct food, nuts are used for grinding and forming the extremely delicious and popular Peanut Butter.

Besides Butter, Peanuts are raw material for 12 more Products! - Expeller (Cake), which is ground into fine Flour for making delicious Bread and various Bakery products ;  Tahini , Proteins , Fats , Fuels , Biomass from stalks and shells - for Fodder, Biogas, Pellets, Pulps, Fertilizers, etc.

It is hardly to name another culture that offers such a wide range of different applications!

Peanut Oil is also a great product, extracted from the nuts, which can be used both for cooking and seasoning, as well as a 100% Carbon-Neutral Fuel for direct combustion in Stoves, Boilers and Burners, and after the application of a simple chemical process called transesterification - for obtaining high quality, 100% C-Neutral  BioDiesel, comparable with highest-class Petroleum Diesel.

The Peanut Oil’s properties as a Direct, Economical (1 l/h), Highly Calorific (40MJ / kg - almost as much as the Gasoline and Diesel), Ultra-Cheap (less than EUR 0.30/l), Low-Emission ( clean combustion, without Soot and Sulfur Oxides, with much lower NOx and CO2 Emissions), 100% Carbon-Neutral and Safe (non-Self-Igniting) Fuel for Household and Industrial Stoves, Boilers, Autoclaves and other Thermal Installations, undoubtedly put it at the forefront among the Polluted Urban Air’s  solutions.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/105/1/012047/pdf

A 50m high Vertical Farm, built on about 1,000 sq.m / 1 Decare (32m*32m) plot area for example, will room 250 decares of Unfolded Shelving Area (5 shelves 20cm high each in a 1m high Floor, or 250 shelves, 1 decare area each = 250 decares ) planted with fast-growing varieties of Peanuts (for example Bulgarian cultivar "LOTOS", with term of 115 days in natural conditions and 300kg/da yield).

In hyper-intensive V-Farm tropical conditions, 24h LED Lighting, Aeroponic Spray Enriched Feeding on the plants' roots & leaves, plus 30% added CO2, this cultivar could offer 6+ Crops per year (60 days per Crop) , 400 kg/da yield and at least 5% higher Oil Content (60% Total) than the regular, primitive Farming.

At a consequent, everyday planting the Shelves, we could expect everyday yield of 4 Shelves, 1 decare sized each ( 250 Shelves : 60 Days/Crop = 4.16 Shelves/Day) , and 400 kg yield of peanuts from each Shelf (Decare), or a total yield of 1,600 kg of Peanuts per day, giving 960kg Peanut Oil ( plus 640 kg Expeller + 800kg of fresh Biomass + Shells) .

In one year it makes 1600kg/day x 365 days = 584,000 kg of Peanuts, at a cost under $0.05/kg, compared to the standard 300kg/da, or we receive 1,946.6 Times Larger Yield !

From that volume of Peanuts, at 60% Oil Content, we'll extract 350,400 kg of Peanut Oil, at a cost of about $0.10/kg and market price of $17/l or total about $ 5,956,800 per year per 1 Decare of V-Farm-occupied area !

Another great source of C-Neutral Organic Fuel Oil (OFO) is the Black Soldier Fly’s Larvae (BSFL, Hermetia Illucens) - one of the Fastest-Growing Animal Organisms on Earth. 

" A black soldier fly larva can consume twice its weight in food each day. On its 14-day journey from hatchling to pupa, a single larva will grow nearly an inch long and increase its weight by a factor of 10,000. That’s akin to an eight-pound baby swelling to the size of a 40-ton humpback whale. " - https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/03/maggots-could-revolutionize-global-food-supply-heres-how/ .

That shocking performance of the enormous BSFL's Appetite raises the problem of enough Feed Supply. Which problem will be fully solved by the Everyday Harvests and Gigantic-Yield Abundance of fresh, V-Farmed Superfast-Growing (One Meter per Day) Bamboo Biomass - SGBB . 

Both SGBB & BSFL will grow indoors, on Shelves, in a Vertical Aeroponic Farm, in a fully-controlled, 100% Sealed and Sterile-Clean Tropical Environment with 24h LED Grow Lighting.

BSFL contains twice more Protein (50%) and Fat (39%) than Beef, BUT : Eats 7 times less Feed, Drinks 200 times less Water, Occupies 1,000 times less Area and Emits 2,500 times less Greenhouse Gases per Kilogram Meat produced, compared to Cows - which huge Methane Emissions raise as a major Environmental Problem . 

BSFL's Fat is a perfect, Clean & Cheap Raw Material for production of  thousands of tons per day of Pure Organic Fuel Oil (OFO) for Compact, Self-lubricated Wankel Engines & Power Generators, 50% Water-Emulsified OFO-Aerosol for extremely powerful & compact Gas Turbines, and for high-class BioDiesel, derived after a chemical process of Trans-Esterification. 

BSFL is also a perfect Food and Raw Material for highly-nutrient Powders to be used as concentrated Supplements for production of various Analog Meats etc. Foods.

As we see, BSFL is actually a Natural BioChemical Micro-Lab for superfast conversion of almost all Organics into Pure Fat & Protein, plus a long list of healthful Amino-Acids - similar to that of Fish.

Unfortunately BSFL is banned by EU for the moment in applications as a Human Food, because most of the BSFL producers feed it with Organic Waste - supplied even from Sewers ( BSFL is the Champion in converting any kind of organic waste into Protein & Fat ), which carries the great Risk of Contamination with various Germs & Diseases. Due to the giant BSFL's appetite, those producers also face the problem with the feed supply insufficiency, because of the scarcity of such huge volumes of organic waste to find & provide for feeding the Larvae.

In our case however, where BSFL grows in a 100% STERILE-CLEAN V-Farm, and is fed by extremely large everyday yields of 100% STERILE-CLEAN  Bamboo Biomass, there is a Zero-Chance of any kind of Contamination or Feed Insufficiency.

We offer various original Solutions for Vertical Farm Construction.

Recently, a similar building with a height of 45 meters was built in the Bozhurishte Economic Zone near Sofia.

Here is one of our Variants, shown in the graph below, of a prefabricated Vertical Farm, with a much cheaper assembly construction, made out of  standard zinc-galvanized Scaffolding Pipes&Joints, and/or PVC / PP-Pipes, with movable, Roto-Elevator Multi-storey Shelves with Plants - similar to the existing for over 100 years Roto-Elevator Vertical Car Parking / Towers, eliminating the need for staff to work at dangerous heights.

Each shelf with plants will be brought through a fully automated continuous cycle, to a safe working height near the floor of the Farm, with the possibility of simultaneous work on the ground, first and second floor . The roots of the plants will be immersed for seconds in a bath of nutrient solution, mounted on the floor.

Apart from the low cost of the construction part, another factor for the extremely low cost of the final production is the cheap Heat and Electricity, generated in-situ the V-Farm.

About 10% of the amount of BioGas produced from the waste biomass will be returned to the Gas Cogenerator for the production of electricity and heat to meet the energy needs of the Farm.

Pellets can also be used, or the cheapest option - dry, ground Direct Powder Fuel, feeding a special Gas-Dust Turbine and Cogenerator.

The unique Powder Fuel will be produced from Waste Biomass at a cost close to zero, without the need for pelleting, gasification, etc. costly processes.

A Mini-Variant of a Compact, Modular, Containerized, Two-Storey Farm is also possible:

This and other Hybrids - such as the recently discovered Non-Toxic , Edible Jatropha Peltata, grown in the hyper-intensive conditions of the Vertical Multi-storey Aeroponic Farm, offer exceptional opportunities - rapid growth and huge yields - 5kg of Oilseeds (Nuts) per root per month. 

Moreover, they are lower and more convenient for growing on multi-storey shelves in the V-Farm.

Based on the aforementioned yield rate (5kg/root), with a planting Density of 4 Roots per m2 we would expect a yield of 20 kg/m2 per crop ; or with expected 6 harvests/yr, the yield will be about 120 kg / m2 seeds per year. 

Another promising oilseed plant is the Ricin ( Ricinus Communis - 62% Oil Content ) which is extremely size-suitable for growing indoors, on shelves, in our Vertical Farm. 

We expect really gigantic oilseed yields and biodiesel output out of its fast-growing Bamboo-Crossbred Clone. 

Ricin is well known as a source of oil for lamps etc., yet 4,000 years ago. Its oil is widely used today as well. 

Ricinus plant and seeds are relatively toxic, but can be fully-detoxified by some genetic technologies and the Biomass Cake, remained after the ricin-oil extraction, - which cake is extremely rich of nutritions,  can be used as animal feed.